The increasing interest in traditional methods of prevention and treatment (TM) and methods used in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Poland creates an urgent need for a fair presentation of the issues concerning this problem. Education in this field should not only serve broadening the knowledge on the subject, but also verify the existing misconceptions or stereotypes of thinking. The authors of the report explain the basic concepts and areas of application of CAM and TM, briefly outlining the existing legal and organizational solutions for the functioning of CAM in selected countries.