Is AI-Based Tele-Rehabilitation A Hope in Global Sarcopenia Battle?

Changchun, China — A study by researchers at Northeast Normal University has highlighted the transformative potential of AI-based remote training in tackling sarcopenia among older adults. Published in *BMC Geriatrics*, the study explores how advanced 3D human pose estimation technology, powered by deep learning, compares to traditional face-to-face and general remote training methods.

Understanding Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is a debilitating condition marked by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to decreased mobility, heightened fall risk, and diminished quality of life. This age-associated condition affects a substantial portion of the elderly population globally. Current estimates suggest that sarcopenia impacts 5-13% of adults aged 60-70 years and up to 50% of those aged 80 years or older. As the world's population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia poses a significant public health challenge.

The Study Design

In this study, 75 participants aged 60-75 from community organizations in Changchun were randomly assigned to one of three groups: face-to-face traditional training (TRHG), general remote training (GTHG), and AI-based remote training (AITHG). Over three months, all groups engaged in 24-form Tai Chi exercises three times a week. The AI-based group utilized cutting-edge 3D human pose estimation technology to guide their movements and ensure accuracy.

Key Findings

The study uncovered several key findings. Both the AI-based and traditional training groups demonstrated substantial improvements in the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI), 6-meter walking pace, and Timed Up and Go test (TUGT). Notably, the AI-based group's outcomes were comparable to those of the traditional training group. Additionally, participants in the AI-based group reported significant enhancements in their quality of life, mirroring the improvements seen in the traditional training group. The practical advantages of AI-based remote training were particularly evident in regions with limited access to professional physiotherapists.

Global Impact of Sarcopenia

The global burden of sarcopenia is especially severe in developing countries, where healthcare resources are scarce and professional rehabilitation services are limited . In these contexts, innovative solutions like AI-based remote training can play a pivotal role in delivering accessible and effective care. By leveraging technology, these regions can overcome barriers related to geographic isolation, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals.

Pros and Cons from a Physiotherapist’s Perspective

From the perspective of a physiotherapist, the study presents both promising prospects and potential hurdles. On the positive side, AI-based remote training can significantly increase access to rehabilitation services for patients in remote or underserved areas . The AI system offers consistent monitoring and real-time feedback, ensuring patients perform exercises correctly, which is crucial for effective rehabilitation. This approach is also cost-effective, reducing the need for frequent visits to physiotherapy clinics and saving time and money for both patients and healthcare providers. Additionally, AI-based programs can be scaled to accommodate a large number of patients, addressing the shortage of physiotherapists in many regions.

However, there are also notable challenges. Physiotherapy often relies on the personal interaction between therapist and patient, and the AI-based approach may lack the empathy and personalized care that a human therapist provides . Moreover, not all patients, particularly older adults, may be comfortable with or have access to the necessary technology to participate in AI-based remote training . Implementing AI-based systems requires an initial investment in technology and training for both patients and caregivers, which could pose a barrier for some . Furthermore, AI might not be capable of handling complex rehabilitation cases that require nuanced judgment and adaptation by a skilled physiotherapist .

The study concludes that AI-based remote training using 3D human pose estimation is as effective as traditional face-to-face methods in improving muscle mass, physical performance, and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for extending rehabilitation services to broader populations, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare. However, the integration of AI into physiotherapy should complement, not replace, human interaction. Physiotherapists should consider adopting technologies as part of a hybrid model, combining the benefits of AI with the essential human elements of care.

For further details, please contact Guang Yang at yangg100@nenu.edu.cn or Ziheng Wang at wangzh654@nenu.edu.cn.

This article is based on the study published in *BMC Geriatrics*. For the full text, visit [BMC Geriatrics](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05188-7)【3†source】.

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